Which is predicted to have the shorter sulfuroxygen bonds: a sulfite ion or a sulfate ion?

    The sulfate ion should have shorter sulfur-oxygen bonds than a sulfite ion.
    The sulfite ion is a hybrid of three equivalent contributing structures.
    The bond orders of the ##S-O## bonds in any one contributor are 2 1 and 1.
    The bond orders of the ##S-O## bonds in the hybrid are an average of these numbers.
    ##BO = ##2 + 1 +1)/3 = 4/3 = 1.33
    The sulfate ion is a resonance hybrid of six equivalent contributing structures.
    The bond orders of the ##S-O## bonds in any one contributor are 2 2 1 and 1.
    The bond orders of the ##S-O## bonds in the hybrid are an average of these numbers.
    ##BO = (2 + 2 + 1 +1)/4 = 6/4 = 1.50##
    The greater the bond order the shorter the bond length.
    The ##S-O## bond order is greater in the sulfate ion so sulfate ions should have shorter ##S-O## bonds.
    Experiments confirm this prediction.
    The measured ##S-O## bond lengths are 149 pm in sulfate ion and 151 pm in sulfite ion.

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