Can anyone explain to me how to identify epimers and anomers in carbohydrates (sugars)? Also state examples.

    Epimers and anomers are both optical isomers that differ in the configuration at a single carbon atom but there is a difference in their definitions.
    Epimers
    Epimers are optical isomers that differ in the configuration of a single carbon atom
    For example D-galactose and D-mannose are epimers of D-glucose.

    (from biochemnoob.wordpress.com)
    D-Galactose is an epimer of D-glucose because the two sugars differ only in the configuration at ##C-4##.
    D-Mannose is an epimer of D-glucose because the two sugars differ only in the configuration at ##C-2##.
    Anomers
    When a molecule such as glucose converts to a cyclic form it generates a new chiral centre at ##C-1##.

    (from www.chem.ucalgary.ca
    The carbon atom that generates the new chiral centre (##C-1##) is called the anomeric carbon.
    Anomers are special cases they are epimers that differ in configuration only at the anomeric carbon.
    For example -D-glucose and -D-glucose are anomers.

    (from wikispaces.psu.edu
    The form has the anomeric ##OH## group at ##C-1## on the opposite side of the ring from the ##CH_2OH## group at ##C-5##.
    The form has the anomeric ##OH## group on the same side as the ##CH_2OH##.
    In D-fructose the carbonyl group is at ##C-2##.

    (fromweb.pdx.edu)
    Here ##C-2## is the anomeric carbon.

    (from science.uvu.edu
    -D-Fructofuranose and -D-fructofuranose are anomers.

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