0

         

    Non-smokers

    Smokers

     

    CAD

    No CAD

    CAD

    No CAD

     

    High coffee

    40

    90

    High coffee

    150

    65

     

    Low coffee

    65

    150

    Low coffee

    45

    20

     

    (a)  Calculate the crude odds ratio (for the association of coffee drinking and CAD) and the two stratum-specific odds ratios. Show your calculations. (3 pts)

    (b) Next assess whether: 

    i.  smoking is related to coffee consumption among those without CAD.

    ii.  smoking is related to CAD among subjects with low coffee consumption

     Show the new 2×2 tables for these relationships and your calculations for the stratum specific ORs for the new tables. (4 pts)

    (c) If you knew nothing else about this clinical/biological system, are the data given in the question and your calculations in item (b) sufficient evidence for you to conclude that smoking is a confounder in the relationship between coffee use and CAD? Explain the rational behind your answer. 

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