FactorsaffectingthechoiceoffemalesforAbortionandTheRoleofEthics.edited1.docx

    2

    Abortion

    Melese, T., Habte, D., Tsima, B. M., Mogobe, K. D., & Nassali, M. N. (2018). Management of post-abortion complications in Botswana -The need for a standardized approach. Plus One, 13(2), e0192438.

    Mutua, M. M., Achia, T. N. O., Maina, B. W., & Izugbara, C. O. (2017). A cross-sectional analysis of Kenyan postabortion care services using a nationally representative sample. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 138(3), 276–282.

    Mutua, M. M., Manderson, L., Musenge, E., & Achia, T. N. O. (2018). Policy, law, and post-abortion care services in Kenya. PloS One, 13(9), e0204240.

    Nielsen, K. K., Lusiola, G., Kanama, J., Bantambya, J., Kikumbih, N., & Rasch, V. (2009). We are expanding comprehensive postabortion care to primary health facilities in Geita District, Tanzania. African Journal of Reproductive Health/La Revue Africaine de la Santé Reproductive, 13(2), 129–138.

    Onah, H. E., Ogbuokiri, C. M., Obi, S. N., & Oguanuo, T. C. (2009). Private medical practitioners' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards abortion and post-abortion care in Enugu, south-eastern Nigeria. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 29(5), 415–418.

    Osur, J., Baird, T. L., Levandowski, B. A., Jackson, E., & Murokora, D. (2013). Implementation of misoprostol for postabortion care in Kenya and Uganda: A qualitative evaluation. Global Health Action, 6(1), 19649–13402. /gha.v6i0.19649.

    Parmar, D., Leone, T., Coast, E., Murray, S. F., Hukin, E., & Vwalika, B. (2017). Cost of abortions in Zambia: A comparison of safe abortion and post-abortion care. Global Public Health, 12(2), 236–249.

    Sully, E. A., Madziyire, M. G., Riley, T., Moore, A. M., Crowell, M., Nyandoro, M. T., Madzima, B., & Chipato, T. (2018). Abortion in Zimbabwe: A national study of the incidence of induced abortion, unintended pregnancy and post-abortion care in 2016. Plus One, 13(10), e0205239.

    Tagoe-Darko, E. (2013). "Fear, shame and embarrassment": The stigma factor in post-abortion care at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Asian Social Science, 9(10), 134.

    Romanis, E. C., & Parsons, J. A. (2020). Legal and policy responses to the delivery of abortion care during COVID‐19. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 151(3), 479-486.

    Svenaeus, F. (2018). Phenomenology of pregnancy and the ethics of abortion. Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy, 21(1), 77-87.

    Thomson, M. (2013). Abortion law and professional boundaries. Social & Legal Studies, 22(2), 191-210.

    Undie, C.-C., Van Lith, L. M., Wahome, M., Obare, F., Oloo, E., & Curtis, C. (2014). Community mobilization and service strengthening to increase awareness and use of postabortion care and family planning in Kenya. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 126(1), 8–13,

    Ushie, B. A., Izugbara, C. O., Mutua, M. M., & Kabiru, C. W. (2018). Timing of abortion among adolescent and young women presenting for post-abortion care in Kenya: A cross-sectional analysis of nationally-representative data. BMC Women's Health, 18(1), 41.

    Vlassoff, M., Fetters, T., Kumbi, S., & Singh, S. (2012). The health system cost of postabortion care in Ethiopia. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 118(S2), S127–33.

    Vlassoff, M., Mugisha, F., Sundaram, A., Bankole, A., Singh, S., Amanya, L., Kiggundu, C., & Mirembe, F. (2012). The health system cost of post-abortion care in Uganda. Health Policy and Planning, 29(1), 56–66.

    Vlassoff, M., Musange, S. F., Kalisa, I. R., Ngabo, F., Sayinzoga, F., Singh, S., & Bankole, A. (2015). The health system cost of post-abortion care in Rwanda. Health Policy and Planning, 30(2), 223–233.

    Voetagbe, G., Yellu, N., Mills, J., Mitchell, E., Adu-Amankwah, A., Jehu-Appiah, K., & Nyante, F. (2010). Midwifery tutors' capacity and willingness to teach contraception, post-abortion care, and legal pregnancy termination in Ghana. Human Resources for Health, 8(2), 1–6.

    Wendot, S., Scott, R. H., Nafula, I., Theuri, I., Ikiugu, E., & Footman, K. (2018). Evaluating the impact of a quality management intervention on post-abortion contraceptive uptake in private sector clinics in western Kenya: A pre-and post-intervention study. Reproductive Health, 15(1), 10.

    Wonkam, A., & Hurst, S. A. (2007). Acceptance of abortion by doctors and medical students in Cameroon. The Lancet, 369(9578), 1999.

    Ziraba, A. K., Izugbara, C., Levandowski, B. A., Gebreselassie, H., Mutua, M., Mohamed, S. F., … Kimani-Murage, E. W. (2015). Unsafe abortion in Kenya: A cross-sectional study of abortion complication severity and associated factors. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

    XVI. Appendices (interview raw data)

    Does the extension of abortion pose an ethical problem?

    Dr. WS "No, this extension does not pose an ethical problem. The reality of the problem is purely technical. Is that if France could guarantee all women who wish to have an abortion have rapid access to this access, the debate on the extension of the abortion period would no longer be a debate. There would be no more."

    How long does it take to be able to have an abortion?

    Dr. WS "The average delay in France is 11 days for access to abortion, but there are very tense regions which can be urban areas or rural areas wherein reality, this delay is rather three or four weeks because the professionals in charge of executing voluntary terminations of pregnancy are quickly completely overwhelmed with work and the deadlines are getting longer. Indeed, the women who live in these regions, for once, have a very high risk of being out of time."

    Why are 12 weeks sometimes too short?

    Dr. WS "We find ourselves very, very quickly, beyond the deadline, since a woman can only realize that she is pregnant because her period is late, we are already at three weeks pregnant, by the time she decides on whether to keep her pregnancy or not, we can give her two or three weeks of delay. You are already six or seven weeks pregnant. If we add you on that three or four weeks of delay, you are very, very quickly at the limit. And I took the example of a woman who realizes the day after the day when her period is late that she is pregnant. Beware of the One who takes ten days to return. She is immediately out of time."

    What can be done to reduce this delay?

    Dr. WS "What would seem to us an extremely interesting proposal is that the request, the voluntary termination of pregnancy formulated by a woman should be managed as a semi-emergency, within five working days, whatever arrives, she goes to a health professional who can be a general practitioner, a gynecologist or a midwife, all three trained in these issues, to be welcomed and directed to the care center depending on medical or surgical treatment. And at this time, we will see this number of women who are out of time very drastically decrease."

    3,000 to 5,000 late-delayed women abort abroad each year?

    Dr. WS. This number has not been checked at all. This is the figure that was established in the year 2000. Already a first extension of the two weeks had been organized by law, and the objective of this law was that this figure decrease by 80%. We know that the work has not been done at the legislative level; that is to say, we have not kept statistics to find out how many women find themselves out of time. And in any case, if we are to believe today, the request led in particular by Family Planning is that obviously, this figure is still. We are twenty years after the first time we pushed back the deadline, and we realize that pushing back the deadline did not meet the needs since we would find ourselves twenty years later with the same number of women who find themselves out of time.

    What is the difference between an abortion at 12 or 14 weeks?

    Dr. WS So, as a gynecologist, as a feminist, as a pro-abortionist, and living in a country where the health fabric, the health organization allows it, I say: 'Let's put all our energy so that all the women who request an abortion are taken care of very quickly. So that we don't find ourselves in this situation later, which puts us in unsustainable imbroglios."

    What are the consequences for gynecologists?

    Dr. WS all the more to extend the time limit for women. And so, we know that this law, although it is based on an idea that is perfectly intellectually admissible, will be counterproductive.

                                                                                                                                      Order Now