First convert the Fischer projection to a Haworth projection then convert the Haworth projection to a chair form.
The Fischer projection of glucose is
Convert to a Haworth Projection
Step 1. Draw a basic Haworth projection with the ring oxygen at the top.
##C-1## is the atom to the right of the oxygen and ##C-5## is the atom to its left.
Step 2. Draw a ##CH_2OH## on ##C-5##.
Step 3. Draw an ##OH## below the ring on ##C-1## for the form (draw it above the ring for the form).
Step 4. Draw all the ##OH## groups on the right side of the Fischer projection on the bottom of the ring. Those on the left go above the ring.
The ##O## on C-5 is part of the ring.
You can omit the hydrogen atoms so the Haworth projection for -D-glucopyranose is
Convert Haworth to Chair
Step 1. Draw a cyclohexane chair in which the ##O## atom replaces ##C-6## and the bulky ##CH_2OH## is in the equatorial position.
Step 2. Put all the ##OH## groups that are down in the Haworth projection down in the chair. All the other ##OH## groups go up.
The chair form of -D-glucopyranose is
The structure of -D-glucopyranose is
Prevalence of Glucose
As you move around the -glucose ring you see that all the substituents are equatorial.
This is the most stable arrangement possible.
In -glucose only the ##OH## at ##C-1## is axial.
Every other aldohexose would have more axial substituents and be less stable.
Glucose is the most common hexose because it is the most stable.